5 Tool Chain und Installation

# Für Windows: Download von nodejs.org
# Für macOS: Download von nodejs.org oder via Homebrew
brew install node@20

# Für Ubuntu/Debian
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

# Für CentOS/RHEL/Fedora
curl -fsSL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | sudo bash -
sudo dnf install nodejs npm

# NVM Installation (Linux/macOS)
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.0/install.sh | bash

# Terminal neu starten oder source ausführen
source ~/.bashrc

# Verfügbare Node.js-Versionen anzeigen
nvm list-remote

# Node.js 20 LTS installieren
nvm install 20
nvm use 20
nvm alias default 20

# Für spezifische Projekte
echo "20" > .nvmrc  # Im Projektverzeichnis
nvm use  # Verwendet automatisch die Version aus .nvmrc

# Als Administrator ausführen
choco install nvm
# oder Download von GitHub releases

nvm install 20.11.0
nvm use 20.11.0

# Volta Installation
curl https://get.volta.sh | bash

# Node.js installieren
volta install node@20

# Node.js-Version prüfen
node --version
# Erwartete Ausgabe: v20.x.x

# NPM-Version prüfen
npm --version
# Erwartete Ausgabe: 10.x.x oder höher

# Verfügbare NPM-Registry prüfen
npm config get registry
# Erwartete Ausgabe: https://registry.npmjs.org/

# Node.js-Installation testen
node -e "console.log('Node.js ist korrekt installiert!')"

# Globales Installationsverzeichnis festlegen (optional)
mkdir ~/.npm-global
npm config set prefix '~/.npm-global'

# Cache-Verzeichnis optimieren
npm config set cache ~/.npm-cache

# Package-Lock-Verhalten konfigurieren
npm config set package-lock true
npm config set save-exact true

# Registry-Performance verbessern
npm config set fetch-retries 5
npm config set fetch-retry-mintimeout 20000

# Optional: NPM-Audit automatisch ausführen
npm config set audit-level moderate

# Standard-Installation mit NPM
npm install -g @nestjs/cli

# Alternative mit Yarn
yarn global add @nestjs/cli

# Alternative mit PNPM
pnpm add -g @nestjs/cli

# Installation verifikziieren
nest --version
# Erwartete Ausgabe: 10.x.x oder höher

# Verfügbare Befehle anzeigen
nest --help

# Aktuelle Version prüfen
nest info

# CLI aktualisieren
npm update -g @nestjs/cli

# Spezifische Version installieren
npm install -g @nestjs/cli@10.3.0

# Mehrere CLI-Versionen mit NPX verwenden
npx @nestjs/cli@latest new my-project
npx @nestjs/cli@9.5.0 generate service legacy-service

# In package.json als devDependency
npm install --save-dev @nestjs/cli

# Verwendung über NPX oder Scripts
npx nest generate controller users
# oder über package.json scripts:
# "scripts": {
#   "nest": "nest"
# }
npm run nest generate service auth

# Neues Projekt erstellen
nest new my-first-nestjs-app

# Interaktive Optionen:
# Package manager: npm/yarn/pnpm
# Git repository: yes/no
# Strict TypeScript: yes/no

# Mit spezifischen Optionen
nest new my-app --package-manager=npm --skip-git --strict

# Projekt-Template verwenden
nest new my-microservice --collection=@nestjs/microservices

# Standard-Anwendung
nest new project-name

# Mit erweiterten Optionen
nest new project-name \
  --package-manager=yarn \
  --language=typescript \
  --strict=true \
  --skip-git=false

# Monorepo-Struktur
nest new my-workspace --package-manager=npm
cd my-workspace
nest generate app api
nest generate app worker

# Projekt- und System-Informationen
nest info

# Ausgabe enthält:
# - NestJS CLI Version
# - Node.js Version  
# - Betriebssystem
# - NPM Version
# - Installierte NestJS-Packages

# Einfacher Controller
nest generate controller users
# oder kurz:
nest g co users

# Controller mit CRUD-Operationen
nest g resource posts
# Generiert: Controller, Service, Module, DTOs, Entity

# Controller in spezifischem Modul
nest g co users --path=modules/users

# Service generieren
nest g service auth
nest g s auth  # Kurzform

# Mit Interface
nest g service users --spec=false
nest g interface users --path=interfaces

# Provider mit Factory
nest g provider config --type=factory

# Neues Modul
nest g module products

# Feature-Modul mit allem
nest g resource orders
# Erstellt: module, controller, service, dto, entity

# Geteiltes Modul
nest g module shared
nest g service shared/logger --path=shared

# Guards
nest g guard auth
nest g gu roles  # Kurzform

# Interceptors
nest g interceptor logging
nest g in transform

# Pipes
nest g pipe validation
nest g pi transform

# Middleware
nest g middleware logger
nest g mi cors

# Exception Filters
nest g filter http-exception
nest g f all-exceptions

# Decorators
nest g decorator current-user
nest g d api-key

# Development-Server starten
nest start

# Mit Watch-Mode (automatischer Neustart)
nest start --watch
nest start --debug --watch  # Mit Debugging

# Production Build
nest build
nest build --watch  # Build mit Watch-Mode

# Testing
nest test
nest test --watch
nest test --coverage

# Alle verfügbaren Schematics
nest g --help

# Collection-spezifische Schematics
nest g --collection=@nestjs/swagger --help

# Externe Schematic Collections
npm install -g @nestjs/swagger
nest g --collection=@nestjs/swagger swagger-config

# Eigene Schematics
nest g --collection=./my-schematics my-component

# Template-Verzeichnis erstellen
mkdir .nest-cli-templates

# Custom Template für Controller
cat > .nest-cli-templates/controller.template << EOF
import { Controller, Get } from '@nestjs/common';

@Controller('__name__')
export class __ClassName__Controller {
  @Get()
  findAll() {
    return 'This action returns all __name__';
  }
}
EOF

# Workspace erstellen
nest new my-workspace

# Apps hinzufügen
nest generate app api
nest generate app admin-panel
nest generate app worker

# Libraries erstellen
nest generate library shared
nest generate library auth-lib

# Build spezifische App
nest build api
nest build admin-panel

# Alle Apps builden
nest build --all

{
  "$schema": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nestjs/schematics/master/src/collection.json",
  "collection": "@nestjs/schematics",
  "sourceRoot": "apps/api/src",
  "monorepo": true,
  "root": "apps/api",
  "projects": {
    "api": {
      "type": "application",
      "root": "apps/api",
      "entryFile": "main",
      "sourceRoot": "apps/api/src",
      "compilerOptions": {
        "tsConfigPath": "apps/api/tsconfig.app.json"
      }
    },
    "shared": {
      "type": "library",
      "root": "libs/shared",
      "entryFile": "index",
      "sourceRoot": "libs/shared/src",
      "compilerOptions": {
        "tsConfigPath": "libs/shared/tsconfig.lib.json"
      }
    }
  }
}

# Mit Webpack bundeln
nest build --webpack

# Bundle-Analyzer
nest build --webpack --bundle-analyzer

# Source Maps generieren
nest build --source-map

# Strenge Typisierung
nest build --type-check

# Incremental Build
nest build --incremental

# Watch-Mode mit optimierter Performance
nest start --watch --preserve-watch-output

# Schneller Projekt-Start
nest new my-api && cd my-api && npm run start:dev

# Entwicklungsserver mit erweiterten Optionen
nest start --debug --watch --preserve-watch-output

# Production-ähnliche Umgebung
NODE_ENV=production nest start

# Vollständiges Feature erstellen
nest g resource users --no-spec
# Erstellt: module, controller, service, dto

# API mit Swagger-Integration
nest g resource products
npm install @nestjs/swagger swagger-ui-express
# Swagger-Setup in main.ts hinzufügen

# Unit Tests
nest test users.service.spec.ts --watch

# E2E Tests
npm run test:e2e

# Test Coverage
npm run test:cov

# Core-Module erstellen
nest g module core
nest g service core/config --no-spec
nest g service core/logger --no-spec

# Feature-Module
nest g module features/auth
nest g service features/auth/auth --no-spec
nest g controller features/auth/auth --no-spec
nest g guard features/auth/jwt-auth --no-spec

# Gemeinsame Utilities
nest g module shared
nest g service shared/utils --no-spec
nest g interface shared/interfaces/api-response
nest g decorator shared/decorators/current-user --no-spec

# TypeORM-spezifische Generierung
nest g module database
nest g service database/database --no-spec

# Entity-Module
nest g module entities/user
nest g class entities/user/user.entity --no-spec

# Prisma Service
nest g service prisma --no-spec
nest g module prisma

# Repository Pattern mit Prisma
nest g service repositories/user-repository --no-spec

# RESTful Controller mit DTOs
nest g resource api/v1/users --no-spec
# Struktur:
# - users.controller.ts
# - users.service.ts  
# - users.module.ts
# - dto/create-user.dto.ts
# - dto/update-user.dto.ts
# - entities/user.entity.ts

# Microservice Controller
nest g controller microservices/user-microservice --no-spec
nest g service microservices/user-microservice --no-spec

# Message Patterns
nest g interface microservices/patterns/user-patterns

# Exception Filters
nest g filter filters/http-exception --no-spec
nest g filter filters/all-exceptions --no-spec

# Validation Pipes
nest g pipe pipes/validation --no-spec
nest g pipe pipes/parse-int --no-spec

# Custom Decorators für Validation
nest g decorator decorators/is-strong-password --no-spec

{
  "$schema": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nestjs/schematics/master/src/collection.json",
  "collection": "@nestjs/schematics",
  "sourceRoot": "src",
  "entryFile": "main",
  "language": "ts",
  "generateOptions": {
    "spec": false,
    "flat": false
  },
  "compilerOptions": {
    "deleteOutDir": true,
    "builder": "webpack",
    "typeCheck": true,
    "assets": [
      "**/*.md",
      "**/*.json"
    ],
    "watchAssets": true
  },
  "projects": {}
}

# Schematics CLI installieren
npm install -g @angular-devkit/schematics-cli

# Neue Collection
schematics blank my-nestjs-schematics
cd my-nestjs-schematics

# Custom Schematic hinzufügen
schematics blank feature-module

// src/feature-module/index.ts
import {
  Rule,
  SchematicContext,
  Tree,
  apply,
  mergeWith,
  template,
  url,
  strings,
} from '@angular-devkit/schematics';

interface Options {
  name: string;
  path?: string;
}

export function featureModule(options: Options): Rule {
  return (tree: Tree, context: SchematicContext) => {
    const templateSource = apply(url('./files'), [
      template({
        ...strings,
        ...options,
      }),
    ]);

    return mergeWith(templateSource);
  };
}

{
  "scripts": {
    "nest": "nest",
    "generate:resource": "nest g resource",
    "generate:module": "nest g module",
    "dev": "nest start --debug --watch",
    "build:prod": "nest build --webpack",
    "test:unit": "jest --testPathPattern=spec.ts",
    "test:e2e": "jest --config ./test/jest-e2e.json",
    "lint:fix": "eslint \"{src,apps,libs,test}/**/*.ts\" --fix"
  }
}

# In .bashrc oder .zshrc
alias ndev="nest start --debug --watch"
alias ngen="nest generate"
alias nres="nest generate resource"
alias nmod="nest generate module"
alias nsrv="nest generate service"
alias ncon="nest generate controller"

{
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "label": "NestJS: Start Development",
      "type": "shell",
      "command": "npm",
      "args": ["run", "start:dev"],
      "group": "build",
      "presentation": {
        "echo": true,
        "reveal": "always",
        "panel": "new"
      }
    },
    {
      "label": "NestJS: Generate Resource",
      "type": "shell",
      "command": "nest",
      "args": ["generate", "resource", "${input:resourceName}"],
      "group": "build"
    }
  ],
  "inputs": [
    {
      "id": "resourceName",
      "description": "Resource name",
      "default": "users",
      "type": "promptString"
    }
  ]
}

// nest-cli.json
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "builder": "webpack",
    "typeCheck": true
  },
  "generateOptions": {
    "spec": {
      "environment": "development"
    }
  }
}

# Dockerfile.dev
FROM node:20-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY . .
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["npm", "run", "start:dev"]

# Docker-compose für Entwicklung
version: '3.8'
services:
  nestjs-app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    volumes:
      - .:/app
      - /app/node_modules
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=development